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| 高考英语词汇归类复习 | |||||
作者:佚名 文章来源:网摘 点击数: 更新时间:2006-9-15 ![]() |
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英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而 要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。 1.宾语不同,意义也不同 英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有: go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事) stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事) regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do) forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘记/记得要干的事) mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做) (92高考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?" A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going (87高考)They would not allow him_________across the line. A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going 2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同 某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时 ,宾补要用不定式。如: We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补) 3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同 有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning. (85高考)This sentence needs______________. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组 只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有: decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used, beabout,be able,have等。 如:(89高考)She pretended_______me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen 5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组 只接动名词作宾语的词和词组: mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。 如: (92高考)I would appreciate_________back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling (87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______. A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 6.系动词 系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有: 表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语) 表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold 可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.) (91高考)These oranges taste____________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well 7.含"被动"意味的动词 有些动词,如:sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add, cook,let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义: My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。 (88高考)That suit_________over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost (97高考)"Is this raincoat yours?""No,mine____________there behind the door." A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 8.具有两种形式的易混动词 中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如: hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起) light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓"燃烧着的",作定语) drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓"醉的",drunk多作表语,drunke n多作定语) sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语) bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育) The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children. lie(撒谎), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying (89高考)Do you know the boy___________under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying 二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关 英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列方式进行对比归纳。 1.常用的搭配活跃的名词: 常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:in no time(立刻,马上),on time(按时),in time(及时、迟早、最终),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及时,晚点),at one time(曾经),for a time(一度),at othe r times(其它时候,平素),at times(有时候),at all times(一直,经常) (93高考) If you keep on,you will succeed_____________.A.in time B.at one time C.on time D.at the same time (94高考) Don't all speak at once!___________,please.A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time 2.常用的搭配活跃的动词: 常用的搭配活跃的动词有: look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn一词:turn on(打开),turn off(关上),turn up(放大音量等;出现),turn down(放小音量等;拒绝) ,turn in(上交),turn against(反对),turn out(生产),turn away(避开) (81高考)Would you mind__________your radio a little? A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down (92高考)Readers can_______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A.get over B.get out of C.get away D.get off 3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词: 搭配活跃的介词、副词有: in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时,我们要从不同动 词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有: ①on与动词的搭配: get on(上车/船等),live on(以…为生),feed on(以…为生),take on(接受;雇用),turn on(打开开关/电器等),look on(旁观),spy on(侦察/窥探),call on(号召;拜访),go on(继续 ),have on(穿戴),dependon(依靠),wait on(侍候),carry on(执行),hold on(坚持),insi st on(坚持),play tr-icks on(戏弄),fix on(注视),impress on(留下印象) ②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍):on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃烧),on |
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